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U.S. Government

U.S. government Bitcoin reserves

The U.S. government holds Bitcoin across multiple cold storage addresses as part of its strategic reserves and asset seizure programs. These holdings accumulated through drug enforcement actions, ransomware recoveries, and other federal criminal proceedings over the past decade. The tracked addresses on this page represent a portion of the Treasury's verified on-chain Bitcoin footprint.

Attribution of these addresses comes from public court filings, Department of Justice announcements, and on-chain analysis linking them to government custody protocols. The Treasury operates these wallets through air-gapped cold storage systems, with multi-signature verification required for any transfers. Holdings are regularly audited and reported in Treasury financial statements.

/ Overview
On-chain footprint
6
Tracked addresses
1
Networks · BTC
—
First seen on-chain
/ Context
Cold storage architecture

Government Bitcoin remains largely static once seized and stored. Transfer activity is rare and typically signals either asset liquidation for budget purposes or reallocation between Treasury vaults. The multi-signature custody model mirrors institutional best practices, with key fragments distributed across geographically isolated facilities to prevent single-point compromise.

/ Vault
All 6 addresses
Showing 6 of 6
01bc1qd46j77pkp5vdxraf8tw5l6xs36dlygdx2rt9lyBTCVIEW
02bc1qffyax9rrxmqyq8xwjkzrrqwqjp3ppz5a4665f9BTCVIEW
03bc1qkmk4v2xn29yge68fq6zh7gvfdqrvpq3v3p3y0sBTCVIEW
04bc1qukqenm2t85dhdta9glqehllglxznsu4qyxn079BTCVIEW
05bc1qxkhwkn623l5lg4rx9vx8cujmleaga0eg6wc7p6BTCVIEW
06bc1qxlth5har0qasqvattsjvgp80st2x402u5shuudBTCVIEW
/ See also
Related entities
BlackRock
Fund · 75 tracked addresses
75 addrBTC
Binance Deposit
Fund · 54 tracked addresses
54 addrBTC / ETH
Coinbase Prime Deposit
Fund · 27 tracked addresses
27 addrBTC / ETH
/ Questions
FAQ
How does the U.S. government store its Bitcoin?
The Treasury uses air-gapped cold storage with hardware security modules and multi-signature requirements. Key management follows federal cryptographic standards. No private keys are held online, and movement requires authorization from multiple Treasury officials.
Where did the government's Bitcoin come from?
Most holdings came from seizures in criminal cases, particularly drug trafficking investigations and ransomware-related asset forfeiture. The 2020 Silk Road auction also added significant BTC. These assets are held under Treasury custody indefinitely unless Congress authorizes sale.
How were these addresses identified as government-controlled?
The addresses on this page were confirmed through Department of Justice public disclosures, court filings in asset forfeiture cases, and Treasury statements. These represent selected verified wallets, not the complete government Bitcoin inventory.
Does the government ever move or sell its Bitcoin?
Movements are infrequent and typically precede Congressional-authorized auctions or transfers to law enforcement agencies. Recent years have seen minimal liquidation, with Treasury signaling a long-term holding strategy aligned with broader asset preservation.